1. Tulloch WS. Consideration of sterility factors in the light of subsequent pregnancies. Subfertility in male. Edinburgh Med J 1952; 59:29.
2. Schlessinger MH, Wilets IF, Nagler HM. Treatment outcome after varicocelectomy. Urol Clin North Am 1994; 21:517-529.
3. Zorgniotti AW, Sealfon AI: Studies in temperature, human semen quality and varicocele. J. Reprod Steril 1988; 82:563.
4. Lerchl A, Keck C, Spiteri-Grech S. Nieschlag E. Diurnal variations in scrotal temperatures of normal men and patients with varicocele before and after treatment. Int J Androl 1993;16:195.
5. Reyes BL, Trerotola SO, Venbrux AC, et al. Percutaneous embolotherapy of adolescent varicocele: Results and long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:131.
6. Kass EJ, Reitelman C. Adolescent varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 1995;22:151-158.
7. LaNasa JA Jr, Lewis RW. Varicocele and its surgical management. Urol Clin North Am 1987;14:127-135.
8. Behre HM, Nashan D, Nieschlag E. International Journal of Andrology 1989;12:395-403.
9. McClure RD, Khoo, D, Jarvi K, Hricak H. Subclinical varicocele: The effectiveness of varicocelectomy. Journal of Urology 1991;145:789-791.
10. Gonda RL Jr, Karo JJ, Forte RA, O’Donnell KT. Diagnosis of subclinical varicocele in infertility. AJR 1987; 148:71-75.
11. Petros JA, Andriole GL, Middleton WD, Picus DA. Correlation of testicular color Doppler ultrasonography, physical examination and venography in the detection of left varicoceles in men with infertility. Journal of Urology
1991;145:785-788.
12. Marsman JWP. Clinical versus subclinical varicocele: venographic findings and improvement of fertility after embolization. Radiology 1985;155:635-638.
13. Marsman JWP, Schats R. The subclinical Varicocele debate. Human Reproduction 1994;9:1-8.
14. Zuckerman AM, Mitchell SE, Venbrux AC, et al. Percutaneous varicocele occlusion: Long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:315.
15. Richter EJ,, Zietler E, Seyfarth W. Phlebography and sclerotherapy of the spermatic veins. Semin Interv Radiol 1984;1:175.
16. Kumpman W. Riedl P, Bliem J, et al. Cyanoacrylate in spermatic vein embolization. Semin Interv Radiol 1984;1:170.
17. Sigmund G, Bahren W, Gall H, et al. Idiopathic varicoceles: Feasibility of percutaneous sclerotherapy. Radiology 1987;164:161.
18. Thon WF, Gall H, Danz B, et al. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of idiopathic varicocele in childhood: A preliminary report. J Urol 1989;141:913.
19. Hunter DW, King MJ, Aeppli DM, et al. Spermatic vein occlusion with hot contrast material: Angiographic results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1991;2:507.
20. Kass EJ, Reitelman C. Adolescent varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 1995;22:151-158.
21. Vermeulen A, Vadeweghe M. Improved fertility after varicocele correction: fact or fiction? Fertility and Sterility 1984;42:249-256.
22. Laven JS, Haans LC, Mali WP, teVelde ER, Wensing CJ, Eimers JM. Effects on varicocele treatment in adolescents: a randomized study. Fertility and Sterility 1992;58:756-762.
23. Shlansky-Goldberg RD, VanArsdalen KN, Rutter, CM, Soulen MC, Haskal ZJ, Baum RA, Redd DC, Cope C, Pentecost MJ. Percutaneous Varicocele embolization versus surgical ligation for the treatment of infertility: changes in seminal parameters and pregnancy outcomes. JVIR 1997;8:759-767.
24. Feneley MR, Pal MK, Nockler IB, Hendry WF. Retrograde embolization and causes of failure in the primary treatment of varicocele. British Journal of Urology 1997;80:642-646.
25. Sayfan J, Soffer Y, Orda R. Varicocele treatment: prospective randomized trial of 3 methods. J Urol 1992;148:1477.
26. Merimsky E, Papo J, Zaltzman S, Braf Z. High ligation or embolization of varicocele. Isr J Med Sci 1986;22:877-879.
27. Lenk S, Fahlenkamp D, Gliech V, Lindeke A. Comparison of different methods of treating varicocele. J Androl 1994;15:34S-37S.
28. Dewire DM, Thomas AJ Jr, Flak RM, et al. Clinical outcome and cost comparison of percutaneous embolization and surgical ligation of varicocele. J Androl 1994. 15(suppl):38-42.
29. Nieschlag E, Behre M, Schlingheider A, Nashan D, Pohl J, Fischedick AR. Surgical ligation vs. angiographic embolization of the vena spermatica: a prospective randomized study for the treatment of varicocele-related infertility. Andrologia 1993;25:233-237.
30. Zerhouni EA, Siegelman SS, Walsh PA, et al. Elevated pressure in the left renal vein in patients with varicocele: preliminary observations. J Urol 1980;123:512.31. Tanahatoe SJ, Maas WM, Hompes PG, Lambalk CB
. Influence of varicocele embolization on the choice of infertility treatment. Fertil Steril 2004;81:1679-83.